Dutch Fluency
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级别 A2

Adverbs: no -ly needed

To say how something happens, Dutch uses the plain adjective (the describing word as you find it in the dictionary). English turns quick into quickly, but Dutch adds nothing: Ze zingt mooi means she sings beautifully, and Hij rijdt snel means he drives fast. A word used like this is an adverb (a word that describes an action), and it gets no -e.

The pattern

To say how something happens, use the adjective in its dictionary form. Dutch adds no -ly and no -e.

  • Most adjectives can do this job unchanged: snel is fast and quickly, mooi is beautiful and beautifully, rustig is calm and calmly.
  • goed means both good and well. Do not use wel for well: it is a different word.
  • Comparatives work the same way: langzamer means slower and more slowly.
  • The bare form also goes in front of another adjective: heel koud (very cold), erg duur (very expensive).
  • In the perfect tense, the adverb comes before the participle at the end: Ik heb goed geslapen. More on order in time, manner, place.

Examples

Fatima zingt mooi.Fatima sings beautifully.
Daan fietst altijd snel naar zijn werk.Daan always cycles to work quickly.
De trein rijdt vandaag langzaam.The train is running slowly today.
Kunt u wat langzamer praten?Could you speak a bit more slowly?
De huisarts legt alles duidelijk uit.The GP explains everything clearly.
Mijn buurvrouw groet me altijd vriendelijk.My neighbour always greets me in a friendly way.
Je spreekt al goed Nederlands!You already speak Dutch well!
Emma heeft vannacht goed geslapen.Emma slept well last night.
Het is een heel koude dag.It is a very cold day.
Bas heeft een erg dure fiets gekocht.Bas has bought a very expensive bike.

Why it works this way

English uses -ly as a label that says: this word describes an action. Dutch skips the label. When a describing word says how an action happens, it works as an adverb and stays unchanged. Its position is not the clue: in Hij koopt mooie bloemen, mooie comes right after the verb, but it describes the flowers, so it gets -e.

Think of the -e as a handshake with a noun. In adjective endings you saw that an adjective often adds -e when it stands in front of a noun. An adverb has no noun to shake hands with: it describes an action or another adjective, so it stays bare.

Compare these pairs:

  • Priya heeft een mooie stem. (Priya has a beautiful voice.) Here mooie describes the noun stem.
  • Priya zingt mooi. (Priya sings beautifully.) Here mooi describes the singing.
  • een vreselijk dure jas: a terribly expensive coat
  • een vreselijke, dure jas: a horrible, expensive coat

In the last pair, one letter changes the meaning. Without -e, vreselijk describes dure. With -e, it describes the coat itself.

In casual speech you will hear een hele mooie dag. Lots of people say it, but in writing and in exams, use heel. For more words like this, see heel, erg and echt.

Words such as duidelijk and vriendelijk end in -lijk, which looks a lot like -ly. Here -lijk is simply part of the adjective, so duidelijk means clear and clearly at once. Spanish speakers can forget about -mente too, and German speakers are in luck: German works the same way.

Remember: no noun, no -e. If a word describes a thing, check the adjective rules. If it describes an action or another adjective, use the bare form, with no -e.

Watch out

  • 错误Lotte slaapt slechte.

    正确Lotte slaapt slecht.

    slecht says how she sleeps, and there is no noun, so no -e

  • 错误Joris heeft gefietst snel.

    正确Joris heeft snel gefietst.

    the participle goes last, so the adverb comes before it

  • 错误Carlos praat langzame en duidelijke.

    正确Carlos praat langzaam en duidelijk.

    both words say how he talks, so both stay plain

  • 错误Yara heeft een heel mooi jas.

    正确Yara heeft een heel mooie jas.

    heel stays bare, but mooie describes de jas and needs -e

Quick check

  1. Choose: Mei fietst ... naar de supermarkt. (voorzichtig or voorzichtige)
  2. Choose: Sanne heeft een ... auto. (snel or snelle)
  3. Choose, for a very expensive phone: Ahmed heeft een ... dure telefoon gekocht. (erg or erge)
  4. Fix the sentence: Bas heeft gewerkt hard.
显示答案
  1. voorzichtig: it says how Mei cycles, so no -e.
  2. snelle: it describes the noun auto, a de-word after een, so it gets -e.
  3. erg: it describes dure, not the phone, so it stays bare.
  4. Bas heeft hard gewerkt. The adverb comes before the participle at the end.

Use it today

Tonight, write three Dutch sentences about how your day went: how you slept, how you travelled, how someone spoke to you. For example: Ik heb slecht geslapen or Ik ben rustig naar huis gefietst. Check each one: no -ly thinking, and no -e.

学习者常问的问题

How do you make an adverb in Dutch?

For most adverbs that say how something happens, you simply use the adjective with no ending. Snel means both fast and quickly, and mooi means both beautiful and beautifully, so you do not add anything like -ly.

Is goed good or well in Dutch?

Both. Dutch uses goed as an adjective (een goed idee) and as an adverb (Je kookt goed), so there is no separate word for well.

Do Dutch adverbs get an -e ending?

No, not in standard Dutch. The -e belongs to adjectives in front of a noun, as in een snelle fiets, while a word that says how something happens stays bare, as in Hij fietst snel. In casual speech you will hear een hele mooie dag, but standard written Dutch uses heel.

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更新于 2026-10-09. 依据 CC BY-SA 4.0 可自由分享和改编,请注明 Dutch Fluency。