Dutch Fluency
تعیین سطح منسطح
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سطح A2

The simple past of irregular verbs

In the simple past (the one-word past, like "went" or "saw"), most irregular verbs don't add -te or -de. They change their vowel instead: lopen (to walk) becomes ik liep (I walked). In the singular (one person or thing) nothing is added to that new form, and in the plural it ends in -en: wij liepen (we walked).

The pattern

Most irregular verbs show the past with a new vowel instead of -te or -de. In the singular nothing is added; the plural ends in -en.

  • One person or thing (ik, jij, u, hij, zij meaning she, het): just the new form, as in ik liep, jij liep, u liep.
  • More than one (wij, jullie, zij meaning they): add -en, as in wij liepen, jullie liepen.
  • Six verbs to learn first: lopen: liep; schrijven: schreef; drinken: dronk; komen: kwam; zien: zag; nemen: nam.
  • Three you will use every day: zijn: was, waren; hebben: had, hadden; gaan: ging, gingen.
  • Plural spelling: schreef becomes schreven (the v of schrijven comes back) and had becomes hadden (short a, so double d). In kwamen and namen the a is long, so the m stays single (see open and closed syllables).
  • A few common verbs add -den in the plural: kon, konden (could); zei, zeiden (said).

Examples

Ik liep gisteren naar het station.Yesterday I walked to the station.
Sanne schreef een kaart voor haar buurvrouw.Sanne wrote a card for her neighbour.
Daan dronk koffie in de trein.Daan drank coffee on the train.
Carlos kwam te laat op zijn werk.Carlos got to work late.
Fatima zag haar huisarts in de supermarkt.Fatima saw her GP in the supermarket.
Priya en Bas namen de trein naar Utrecht.Priya and Bas took the train to Utrecht.
Het was koud op het perron.It was cold on the platform.
Jullie waren zaterdag niet thuis.You two weren't at home on Saturday.
Emma had hoofdpijn.Emma had a headache.
Mijn buren gingen op vakantie naar Spanje.My neighbours went on holiday to Spain.

Why it works this way

Compare a regular verb with an irregular one:

  • Ik werkte thuis. (I worked at home.) The past is an ending.
  • Ik liep naar huis. (I walked home.) The past is inside the word.

Now compare present and past: wij lopen, wij liepen. The plural ends in -en in both; only the vowel tells you it already happened. In the singular, the past even drops the -t of the present: hij loopt (he walks), hij liep (he walked).

Good news: English does this too. Drink, drank is drinken, dronk; come, came is komen, kwam. The pairs don't always match, though: walked is regular in English, while liep is not. You usually can't tell from the infinitive (the dictionary form, like lopen) whether a verb is irregular, so learn each one as a pair. Patterns in irregular verbs shows groups that change in the same way.

When do you use it? In conversation, Dutch speakers often use the perfect for a single event (ik heb koffie gedronken). The simple past is typical in stories and for describing how things were, and was and had are very common in everyday speech too.

Remember: the new form tells you it is the past, and the ending tells you how many. Nothing for one, -en for more than one.

Watch out

  • نادرستIk loopte naar het station.

    درستIk liep naar het station.

    lopen is irregular: new vowel, no -te

  • نادرستJij kwamt te laat.

    درستJij kwam te laat.

    nothing is added in the singular past, not even with jij

  • نادرستWij was gisteren bij de huisarts.

    درستWij waren gisteren bij de huisarts.

    a plural subject needs the plural form

  • نادرستWij schreefen een kaart voor Lotte.

    درستWij schreven een kaart voor Lotte.

    the v of schrijven comes back before -en

  • نادرستDe gasten kwammen om acht uur.

    درستDe gasten kwamen om acht uur.

    the a is long in kwamen, so one m

Quick check

Use the simple past.

  1. Mei ... gisteren thee bij haar buurvrouw. (drinken)
  2. Ahmed en Yara ... vorige week naar Utrecht. (gaan)
  3. Choose: Sanne en Joris (was / waren) zaterdag op een verjaardag.
  4. Fix the verb: Bas nemde de fiets naar zijn werk.
نمایش پاسخ‌ها
  1. dronk: Mei is one person, so nothing is added.
  2. gingen: two people, so the plural form.
  3. waren: Sanne en Joris is plural, so not was.
  4. Bas nam de fiets naar zijn werk. (nemen is irregular: nam, not nemde)

Use it today

Send a friend or colleague three sentences about your weekend, using was, ging and one more verb from this lesson. For example: Zaterdag was het mooi weer. Ik ging naar het strand en zag veel fietsers.

پرسش‌های زبان‌آموزان

How do you form the simple past of irregular verbs in Dutch?

Most irregular verbs change their vowel instead of adding -te or -de, so lopen becomes liep. Nothing is added in the singular (ik liep, hij liep), and the plural ends in -en (wij liepen).

What is the past tense of zijn, hebben and gaan in Dutch?

Zijn becomes was in the singular and waren in the plural. Hebben becomes had and hadden, and gaan becomes ging and gingen.

Is it "jij liep" or "jij liept" in Dutch?

It is jij liep. In the simple past of irregular verbs nothing is added in the singular, so there is no -t with jij or hij, unlike the present tense (jij loopt).

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به‌روزرسانی 2026-10-08. آزاد برای اشتراک و تغییر با مجوز CC BY-SA 4.0، با ذکر نام Dutch Fluency.