Dutch Fluency
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Level B1

Die and dat instead of hij and het in speech

In spoken Dutch, people often start a sentence with die or dat where English uses he, she, it or they: Ken je Tom? Die woont in Utrecht. Use die for people, de-words and plurals, and dat for het-words and whole ideas. It sounds natural, and it spares you the question whether a thing is hij or zij.

The pattern

To refer back to someone or something just mentioned, you can start the next sentence with die or dat instead of a personal pronoun (a word like hij, zij or het that stands in for a noun). The verb comes straight after it.

  • die: a person (mijn collega, de huisarts), a de-word (a noun with de, like de bus) or any plural you refer back to (Mijn buren? Die zijn aardige mensen.)
  • dat: a het-word (het huis, het rooster) or a whole idea, event or situation (Het regent alweer. Dat is jammer.)
  • It works for the subject (Die woont hier.) and for the object (Die ken ik niet.)
  • A different pattern: when you point something out and name it, dat is the usual choice even with a plural noun (Dat zijn mijn sleutels.), as in Dit is, dat is, het is
  • It belongs to speech and chatty messages; in emails and formal texts, hij, zij, het and ze are more neutral

Examples

Ken je Joris? Die werkt ook bij de gemeente.Do you know Joris? He works at the municipality too.
Fatima komt vanavond ook. Die neemt altijd zelfgebakken taart mee.Fatima is coming tonight too. She always brings homemade cake.
Waar is de kaasschaaf? Die ligt in de vaatwasser.Where is the cheese slicer? It's in the dishwasher.
Heb je mijn nieuwe fiets gezien? Die heb ik tweedehands gekocht.Have you seen my new bike? I bought it second hand.
Ken je dat nieuwe café bij het station? Dat is pas sinds maandag open.Do you know that new café near the station? It has only been open since Monday.
Mijn buren? Die zijn deze week op vakantie.My neighbours? They're on holiday this week.
De trein had weer vertraging. Dat gebeurt vaak op deze lijn.The train was delayed again. That happens a lot on this line.
Het wordt morgen droog. Dat zei de weerman tenminste.It will be dry tomorrow. At least, that's what the weatherman said.

Why it works this way

Die and dat are pointing words (demonstratives), the same ones you know from die man and dat huis. Here they point backwards at what was just said and pull it to the front. Dutch likes to open with what the listener already knows and keep the new information for later, so this fits naturally.

They also solve a real problem. For things, the choice between hij and zij depends on old grammatical gender, which many Dutch speakers no longer feel themselves (more in Hij, het or zij for things). Die only needs to know de or het. So in De vergadering? Die is verplaatst. nobody has to decide whether a meeting is a he or a she.

With people, die is completely normal in everyday speech, and many speakers use it even after a het-word for a person: Dat meisje? Die zit bij mij op voetbal. It can sound a little cool when the person is standing right next to you, so then use their name or hij or zij. That is a tendency, not a rule.

Compare speech and writing:

  • To a neighbour: Mijn zoon heeft koorts. Die ligt de hele dag op de bank.
  • In an email to school: Mijn zoon heeft koorts. Hij kan vandaag niet komen.

One more contrast: these are not the die and dat that join two clauses (de man die hier woont). Those send the verb to the end, see Relative pronouns: die and dat. Here, die or dat starts a new sentence, so the verb comes second.

Remember: die and dat are a hook. They catch the last thing someone said and hang it at the front of your next sentence, with the verb right behind.

Watch out

  • NotMijn paraplu? Het staat bij de deur.

    SayMijn paraplu? Die staat bij de deur.

    het cannot point back to a de-word

  • NotIk heb een nieuw huis. Die is groot.

    SayIk heb een nieuw huis. Dat is groot.

    huis is a het-word

  • NotMijn sleutels? Dat liggen op tafel.

    SayMijn sleutels? Die liggen op tafel.

    plurals you refer back to take die

  • NotDie ik ken niet.

    SayDie ken ik niet.

    the verb comes straight after die

Quick check

  1. Fill in die or dat: Waar is de afstandsbediening? ... ligt op de bank.
  2. Fill in die or dat: Ken je Ahmed en Yara? ... wonen naast ons.
  3. Fill in die or dat: Heb je het nieuwe rooster al gezien? ... hangt bij de koffieautomaat.
  4. Fix the sentence: Ik moet morgen om zes uur beginnen. Die is vervelend.
Show the answers
  1. Die: afstandsbediening is a de-word.
  2. Die: you refer back to two people, so plural.
  3. Dat: rooster is a het-word.
  4. Dat is vervelend.: you are reacting to a situation, not to a de-word.

Use it today

Pick three people you know here and describe each in two short sentences, starting the second one with die: Ken je Carlos? Die woont bij mij om de hoek. Then react to the next piece of news you hear with Dat is leuk or Dat is jammer.

Questions learners ask

Can you use die instead of hij in Dutch?

Yes. In spoken Dutch, die often replaces hij or zij at the start of a sentence when you refer back to a person: "Ken je Tom? Die woont in Utrecht." In formal writing, hij or zij is the more neutral choice.

When do you use die and when dat to refer back to something in Dutch?

Use die for people, de-words and plurals (De bus? Die is te laat.) and dat for het-words and whole ideas or situations (Het regent alweer. Dat is jammer.).

Is it rude to call someone die in Dutch?

No, in everyday speech die for a person is normal and not rude. It can sound a bit distant when the person is standing right next to you, so in that case use their name or hij or zij.

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Updated 2026-10-08. Free to share and adapt under CC BY-SA 4.0, with credit to Dutch Fluency.