Dutch Fluency
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Level B2

Fixed prepositional phrases

Dutch has many fixed chunks made of a preposition and a noun, such as op tijd (on time), in de war (confused) and aan de hand (going on). The preposition inside them is fixed: you cannot work it out by logic, and it often differs from English. Learn each chunk as one unit, inside a sentence you would really say.

The pattern

In a fixed prepositional phrase, the preposition, the article and the noun belong together. Store the whole chunk as if it were one word.

  • op tijd: on time, in time
  • op vakantie (with gaan or zijn): on holiday, away; met vakantie is a correct variant you will also hear
  • in de war (with zijn, raken or brengen): confused, mixed up
  • in principe: in principle, normally
  • op het moment: at the moment, currently; op dit moment is a common variant
  • aan de hand (usually with er): going on, the matter
  • in het algemeen: in general; over het algemeen means much the same
  • op zijn minst: at least, no less than; often op z'n minst in speech

The article belongs to the chunk as well, and you cannot predict it: op tijd has none, in de war has de, op het moment has het. Most chunks work like adverbs (words that say when, how or how much), so if one starts the sentence, the verb comes next: Op het moment zoekt Daan werk.

Examples

De trein van 8.14 uur was vandaag gewoon op tijd.The 8:14 train was actually on time today.
Fatima is tot eind augustus op vakantie, dus mail maar naar Bas.Fatima is on holiday until the end of August, so just email Bas.
Sorry, ik ben een beetje in de war door al die nieuwe regels.Sorry, I'm a bit confused by all those new rules.
In principe werk ik op vrijdag thuis, maar deze week kom ik naar kantoor.In principle I work from home on Fridays, but this week I'm coming to the office.
Daan zoekt op het moment een nieuwe baan.Daan is looking for a new job at the moment.
Je kijkt zo boos. Wat is er aan de hand?You look so angry. What's going on?
In het algemeen krijg je binnen acht weken antwoord van de gemeente.In general, you get an answer from the municipality within eight weeks.
Voor een appartement in Utrecht betaal je op zijn minst 1400 euro per maand.For a flat in Utrecht you pay at least 1,400 euros a month.

Why it works this way

Think of each chunk as a word with spaces in it. Nobody who asks Wat is er aan de hand? pictures a hand: inside the chunk, the preposition has lost its literal meaning. So neither logic nor English tells you whether it is op or in. The choice is simply part of the phrase.

Some chunks do match English, such as op vakantie and in principe. That is the trap: once a few match, you start trusting English for the rest. Look-alikes can also differ in use. Dutch speakers use in principe a lot in daily life, usually meaning "normally, unless something changes", so In principe kan dat is a polite yes with a small escape hatch.

A small change can change the meaning completely:

  • Joris is op vakantie. (He is away.) In de vakantie werkt Joris bij een supermarkt. (During the holidays he works at a supermarket.)
  • Wat is er aan de hand? (What's going on?) De trainer legt het uit aan de hand van een voorbeeld. (The trainer explains it using an example.)
  • Dat kost op zijn minst vijftig euro. (No less than fifty euros.) Het is koud, maar het is tenminste droog. (At least it's dry: a small comfort, see ten, ter and te in fixed phrases.)

Remember: store the sentence, not the preposition. A list that pairs op with "at" will mislead you, while the sentence Daan zoekt op het moment werk brings the right preposition along for free. The same habit works for verbs with a fixed preposition and adjectives with a fixed preposition.

Watch out

  • NotIk was net in tijd voor de trein.

    SayIk was net op tijd voor de trein.

    Dutch normally uses op tijd for both "on time" and "in time"

  • NotVolgende week gaan we naar vakantie.

    SayVolgende week gaan we op vakantie.

    a holiday is not a destination, so no naar

  • NotIk heb het in het moment erg druk.

    SayIk heb het op het moment erg druk.

    German "im Moment" and Spanish "en este momento" pull you towards in

  • NotIn algemeen zijn de huren in Amsterdam hoog.

    SayIn het algemeen zijn de huren in Amsterdam hoog.

    the het is part of the chunk, even though English has no article

Quick check

  1. Fill in the gap: De bus was weer niet ... tijd, dus Mei kwam te laat op haar werk.
  2. Fill in the gap: Je bent zo stil vandaag, Ahmed. Is er iets ... de hand?
  3. Choose the right preposition: Priya werkt (in / op) het moment vier dagen per week.
  4. Choose the right option: Bas is deze week (op vakantie / in de vakantie), dus Yara beantwoordt zijn mails.
Show the answers
  1. op: the chunk is op tijd.
  2. aan: Is er iets aan de hand? asks whether something is wrong.
  3. op: the chunk is op het moment, meaning currently.
  4. op vakantie: Bas is away. In de vakantie means during the holidays.

Use it today

Send a colleague or friend a short message about your coming week using op het moment, in principe and op tijd, for example In principe ben ik vrijdag om vijf uur thuis. Then copy those three sentences onto a sticky note by your desk, whole sentences only.

Questions learners ask

How do you say on time in Dutch?

On time is op tijd in Dutch, as in "De trein was op tijd." The same phrase also covers in time: "Ik was net op tijd" means "I was just in time."

What does wat is er aan de hand mean?

It means "What's going on?" or "What's the matter?". You ask it when someone looks upset or when something seems wrong; the word hand has no literal meaning here.

What is the difference between op zijn minst and tenminste?

Op zijn minst means "no less than", as in "Dat kost op zijn minst vijftig euro." For "at least" as a small comfort, Dutch uses tenminste: "Het is koud, maar het is tenminste droog."

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Updated 2026-10-09. Free to share and adapt under CC BY-SA 4.0, with credit to Dutch Fluency.