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Level C1

Wiens, wier, hetgeen: formal relatives

Wiens and wier are the formal Dutch words for whose; in speech, most people simply say van wie. Use wiens when the owner is masculine or a neuter het word (de man wiens auto gestolen is), and wier when the owner is feminine or plural (de vrouw wier zoon in Leiden studeert). Hetgeen is a formal word for wat (what, that which), used mainly to refer back to a whole clause, and you will meet all three mostly in official letters, newspapers and novels.

The pattern

In formal writing, whose is wiens when the owner is masculine or neuter and wier when the owner is feminine or plural. In speech, people say van wie plus the article for a person, and usually wat where formal texts write hetgeen.

  • Wiens and wier are relative pronouns: words like who and which that hook a clause onto a noun. The noun after wiens or wier takes no article: de man wiens auto.
  • The owner decides, never the thing owned: de man wiens dochter, de vrouw wier man.
  • With people, the real person usually counts: a female huisarts gets wier. With het meisje you will see both words.
  • They are mostly used for people. For things, Dutch normally says waarvan: het huis waarvan het dak lekt (see Waarmee, waarover, waaraan).
  • A preposition moves to the front: de buurman met wiens ladder ik de goot heb schoongemaakt.
  • Hetgeen points back to a whole clause or stands on its own: hetgeen ik al zei (what I already said). It does not point back to a single noun.

Examples

De man wiens fiets bij het station was gestolen, deed meteen aangifte.The man whose bike had been stolen at the station reported it to the police straight away.
Fatima, wier zoon net zijn rijbewijs heeft gehaald, slaapt sinds kort een stuk slechter.Fatima, whose son has just passed his driving test, has been sleeping a lot worse lately.
Het bestuurslid wiens termijn in juni afloopt, stelt zich niet herkiesbaar.The board member whose term ends in June is not standing for re-election.
Bewoners wier woning door de storm is beschadigd, kunnen bij de gemeente een tegemoetkoming aanvragen.Residents whose homes were damaged in the storm can apply to the municipality for compensation.
Ze dacht aan haar grootmoeder, wier handen altijd naar groene zeep roken.She thought of her grandmother, whose hands always smelled of green soap.
Dat is de collega van wie de laptop in de trein is blijven liggen.That's the colleague whose laptop got left behind on the train.
Bas zegde de afspraak op het laatste moment af, hetgeen niemand meer verbaasde.Bas cancelled the appointment at the last minute, which no longer surprised anyone.
Het onderzoek bevestigt hetgeen omwonenden al jaren beweren.The study confirms what local residents have been saying for years.

Why it works this way

Wiens and wier are relative versions of possessives you already use. Ask which word the owner would get in a plain sentence: De man is zijn fiets kwijt gives wiens; Fatima mist haar zoon and De buren laten hun hond uit give wier. That is also why a female GP gets wier: you would say haar praktijk. If zijn, haar and hun still wobble, revisit Possessive pronouns.

Remember: where a plain sentence would have zijn, write wiens; where it would have haar or hun, write wier.

Both words are leftovers of old case endings, which is why they sound bookish now. If you speak German, they work much like "dessen" and "deren". In conversation, Dutch speakers say van wie for people and keep waarvan mainly for things; when the owner is a person, van wie is the safe choice in both speech and writing (more in Wie, wat and waar- in relative clauses).

Hetgeen means roughly datgene wat, that which: it is wat in a suit and tie. It works where wat refers back to a whole clause or has nothing in front of it. After a noun, keep die or dat (see Relative pronouns: die and dat). With a preposition, Dutch switches to a word with waar-: De server viel uit, waardoor honderden klanten niet konden betalen.

Watch out

  • NotDe vrouw wiens zoon in Leiden studeert, werkt bij de gemeente.

    SayDe vrouw wier zoon in Leiden studeert, werkt bij de gemeente.

    the owner decides, and she is a woman

  • NotDat is de man wie auto gestolen is.

    SayDat is de man wiens auto gestolen is.

    wie on its own is not possessive

  • NotIk ken de buren van wie hond zo hard blaft.

    SayIk ken de buren van wie de hond zo hard blaft.

    after van wie, the noun keeps its article

  • Notde buurman wiens ladder ik de goot mee heb schoongemaakt

    Sayde buurman met wiens ladder ik de goot heb schoongemaakt

    the preposition goes in front of wiens, not at the end

  • NotHet voorstel hetgeen de gemeente presenteerde, is afgewezen.

    SayHet voorstel dat de gemeente presenteerde, is afgewezen.

    hetgeen cannot point back to a noun

Quick check

  1. Choose wiens or wier: Meneer De Vries, ... auto al de hele ochtend op de stoep staat, is onze nieuwe buurman.
  2. Choose wiens or wier: De reizigers ... trein in Utrecht was uitgevallen, kregen een taxi naar Arnhem.
  3. Choose dat or hetgeen: Het college verhoogt de parkeertarieven opnieuw, ... tot veel boze reacties leidt.
  4. Rewrite for speech with van wie: Ken jij de buurvrouw wier kat al drie dagen kwijt is?
Show the answers
  1. wiens: the owner is a man, and you would say zijn auto.
  2. wier: the owners are plural, and you would say hun trein.
  3. hetgeen: it points back to the whole first clause, which dat cannot do.
  4. Ken jij de buurvrouw van wie de kat al drie dagen kwijt is? (van wie plus the article de)

Use it today

Take a letter from your gemeente, your landlord or your health insurer, or a long newspaper article, and hunt for wiens, wier and hetgeen. Then say each sentence out loud the way you would tell it to a colleague, with van wie or wat.

Questions learners ask

What is the difference between wiens and wier in Dutch?

Both mean whose. Use wiens when the owner is masculine or neuter (de man wiens auto) and wier when the owner is feminine or plural (de vrouw wier zoon, de buren wier hond); the thing owned makes no difference.

Do Dutch people use wiens and wier when they speak?

Rarely. In conversation they say van wie plus the article (de man van wie de auto gestolen is), while wiens and wier appear mainly in official letters, newspapers and literature.

What does hetgeen mean in Dutch?

Hetgeen is a formal word for wat, meaning what or that which. It refers back to a whole clause (hetgeen niemand verbaasde) or stands on its own (hetgeen ik al zei), but it does not refer back to a noun, where you use die or dat instead.

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Updated 2026-10-09. Free to share and adapt under CC BY-SA 4.0, with credit to Dutch Fluency.